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多平台使用MQTT连接ONENET的方法

分类于 阅读次数： Valine： 本文字数： 21k

ESP32、Python、Android平台使用mqtt的基础程序，以onenet通信为例

ESP32

需要安装PubSubClient库

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#include <Arduino.h>
#include "WiFi.h"
#include "PubSubClient.h"
#include "Ticker.h"

int LED_Pin = 15;

const char* ssid = "CMCC-FXbH";
const char* password = "grxjx@39";

const char *mqtt_server = "183.230.40.39"; //onenet 的 IP地址

#define mqtt_pubid ""     //产品ID
#define mqtt_devid ""  //设备ID
#define mqtt_password "" //鉴权信息
 
WiFiClient espClient;           //创建一个WIFI连接客户端
PubSubClient client(espClient); // 创建一个PubSub客户端, 传入创建的WIFI客户端
 
//收到主题下发的回调, 注意这个回调要实现三个形参 1:topic 主题, 2: payload: 传递过来的信息 3: length: 长度
void callback(char *topic, byte *payload, unsigned int length)
{
  char msg[50];
  Serial.println("message rev:");
  Serial.println(topic);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < length; i++)
  {
    Serial.print((char)payload[i]);
    msg[i] = (char)payload[i];
    msg[i+1] = '\0';
  }
  Serial.println();
  if(!strcmp(topic, "light") && !strcmp(msg, "open")) {
    Serial.println("open light"); 
    digitalWrite(LED_Pin, HIGH); 
  } else if(!strcmp(topic, "light") && !strcmp(msg, "close")) {
    Serial.println("close light");
    digitalWrite(LED_Pin, LOW);   
  }
}
 
void clientReconnect()
{
    int start_time = millis();
    if(WiFi.isConnected()){
        while (!client.connected()) {//再重连客户端
            Serial.println("reconnect MQTT...");
            if (client.connect(mqtt_devid, mqtt_pubid, mqtt_password)){
                Serial.println("connected");
                client.subscribe("light");
            }else{
                Serial.println("failed");
                Serial.println(client.state());
                Serial.println("try again in 5 sec");
                delay(5000);
            }
            if((millis() - start_time) > 10000) return;
        }
    } 
}

void setup() { 
    Serial.begin(115200); 
    delay(100);

    pinMode(LED_Pin, OUTPUT);
    WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
    WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
    
    while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
          delay(500);
          Serial.print(".");
     }
    client.setServer(mqtt_server, 6002);                   //设置客户端连接的服务器,连接Onenet服务器, 使用6002端口
//  client.connect(mqtt_devid, mqtt_pubid, mqtt_password); //客户端连接到指定的产品的指定设备.同时输入鉴权信息
//  client.subscribe("light");
    client.setCallback(callback);                          //设置好客户端收到信息是的回调
    
} 
void loop() { // run over and over again 
    if(!client.connected()) //如果客户端没连接ONENET, 重新连接
        clientReconnect();
    else client.loop(); //客户端循环检测
    if (client.connected()){
        client.publish("light", "status"); //发送数据到主题light
    }
    delay(20);
}

Python

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import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt


BrokerHost = '183.230.40.39'    # OneNET使用TCP方式连接时的主机地址
BrokerPort = 6002               # OneNET使用TCP方式连接时的主机端口号

DeviceId = ''          # 设备ID
ProductId = ''            # 产品ID
APIKey = ""    # 可以是设备单独的APIKey，也可以是产品的MasterAPIKey


# 连接结果
def on_connect(client, userdata, flags, rc):
    if rc != 0:
        print("连接失败:" + mqtt.connack_string(rc))
        return
    print("连接成功")


# 从服务器接收发布消息时的回调
def on_message(client, userdata, msg):
    print("***** 接收到消息 *****")
    print(msg.topic + ":" + msg.payload.decode("utf-8"))


# 当broker响应订阅请求时被调用
def on_subscribe(client, userdata, mid, granted_qos):
    print("***** Broker响应订阅请求*****")
    print(granted_qos)


# 消息发送回调
def on_publish(client, userdata, mid):
    print("[on_publish] mid:" + str(mid))


def main():
    mqtt_broker_host = BrokerHost
    mqtt_broker_port = BrokerPort
    mqtt_user_name = ProductId
    mqtt_password = APIKey
    mqtt_client_id = DeviceId
    client = mqtt.Client(client_id=mqtt_client_id, protocol=mqtt.MQTTv311)
    client.on_connect = on_connect
    client.on_publish = on_publish
    client.on_message = on_message
    client.on_subscribe = on_subscribe
    client.username_pw_set(username=mqtt_user_name, password=mqtt_password)
    client.connect(host=mqtt_broker_host, port=mqtt_broker_port, keepalive=60)
    client.loop_forever()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Android

  1. 添加权限
    打开AndroidManifest.xml，加入以下两行
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    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
  2. 导入第三方库
    打开app下的build.gradle，添加库
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implementation 'org.eclipse.paho:org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3:1.1.0'
implementation 'org.eclipse.paho:org.eclipse.paho.android.service:1.1.1'

添加之后需要 *** Sync Now *** 一下

  1. 测试代码
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    package com.example.mqtt_test;

    import static java.lang.Thread.sleep;
    import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
    import android.os.Bundle;
    import android.os.Handler;

    import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.IMqttDeliveryToken;
    import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttCallback;
    import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttClient;
    import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttConnectOptions;
    import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttException;
    import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttMessage;
    import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.persist.MemoryPersistence;

    import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;

    public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
        private String serverUri = "tcp://183.230.40.39:6002";
        private String userName = ""; //产品ID
        private String passWord = ""; //鉴权信息
        private String clientId = ""; //设备ID

        private MqttClient mqtt_client;                    
        MqttConnectOptions options;

        private ScheduledExecutorService scheduler;

        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

            mqtt_init_Connect();

            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    while(true){
                        try {
                            sleep(1000);
                            publishMessage("light", "String message_str");
                        } catch (Exception e) {
                        }
                    }
                }
            }).start();

        }

        public void mqtt_init_Connect()
        {
            try {
                //实例化mqtt_client，填入我们定义的serverUri和clientId，然后MemoryPersistence设置clientid的保存形式，默认为以内存保存
                mqtt_client = new MqttClient(serverUri,clientId,new MemoryPersistence());
                //创建并实例化一个MQTT的连接参数对象
                options = new MqttConnectOptions();
                //然后设置对应的参数
                options.setUserName(userName);                  //设置连接的用户名
                options.setPassword(passWord.toCharArray());    //设置连接的密码
                options.setConnectionTimeout(30);               // 设置超时时间，单位为秒
                options.setKeepAliveInterval(50);               //设置心跳,30s
                options.setAutomaticReconnect(true);            //是否重连
                //设置是否清空session,设置为false表示服务器会保留客户端的连接记录，设置为true表示每次连接到服务器都以新的身份连接
                options.setCleanSession(true);

                //设置回调
                mqtt_client.setCallback(new MqttCallback() {
                    @Override
                    public void connectionLost(Throwable cause) {
                        //连接丢失后，一般在这里面进行重连

                    }
                    @Override
                    public void deliveryComplete(IMqttDeliveryToken token) {
                        //publish后会执行到这里
                    }
                    @Override
                    public void messageArrived(String topicName, MqttMessage message) throws Exception {
                        //subscribe后得到的消息会执行到这里面
                    }
                });
                //连接mqtt服务器
                mqtt_client.connect(options);

            }catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        public void publishMessage(String topic, String message_str){
            try {
                MqttMessage message = new MqttMessage();
                message.setPayload(message_str.getBytes());
                if(mqtt_client.isConnected()){
                    mqtt_client.publish(topic, message);
                }
            } catch (MqttException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

    }

Android 数据流使用

  1. 网络配置
    在res文件夹下新建xml文件夹，并在xml文件夹下新建network-security-config.xml文件，内容如下：

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    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <network-security-config>
        <base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true"/>
    </network-security-config>

  2. 添加权限
    在AndroidManifest.xml添加，以使用网络功能

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    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />

    继续在添加 application 添加,以使用http连接

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    android:networkSecurityConfig="@xml/network_security_config"

  3. 在app: build.gradle添加第三方库

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    implementation 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.8.6'
    implementation 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:4.8.1'

  4. 新建类Datastreams

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    package com.example.http;
    import java.util.List;

    public class Datastreams {
        private List<Datapoints> datapoints;
        private String id;
        public void setDatapoints(List<Datapoints> datapoints) {
            this.datapoints = datapoints;
        }
        public List<Datapoints> getDatapoints() {
            return datapoints;
        }

        public void setId(String id) {
            this.id = id;
        }
        public String getId() {
            return id;
        }
    }

  5. 新建类Data

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    package com.example.http;
    import java.util.List;

    public class Data {
        private int count;
        private List<Datastreams> datastreams;
        public void setCount(int count) {
            this.count = count;
        }
        public int getCount() {
            return count;
        }

        public void setDatastreams(List<Datastreams> datastreams) {
            this.datastreams = datastreams;
        }
        public List<Datastreams> getDatastreams() {
            return datastreams;
        }
    }

  6. 新建类Datapoints

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    package com.example.http;

    public class Datapoints {
        private String at;
        private String value;


        public void setValue(String value) {
            this.value = value;
        }

        public String getAt() {
            return at;
        }

        public void setAt(String at) {
            this.at = at;
        }

        public String getValue() {
            return value;
        }

    }

  7. 新建类Datapoints

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    package com.example.http;

    public class Datapoints {
        private String at;
        private String value;


        public void setValue(String value) {
            this.value = value;
        }

        public String getAt() {
            return at;
        }

        public void setAt(String at) {
            this.at = at;
        }

        public String getValue() {
            return value;
        }

    }

  8. 新建类JsonRootBean

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    package com.example.http;
    public class JsonRootBean {
        private int errno;
        private Data data;
        private String error;
        public void setErrno(int errno) {
            this.errno = errno;
        }
        public int getErrno() {
            return errno;
        }

        public void setData(Data data) {
            this.data = data;
        }
        public Data getData() {
            return data;
        }

        public void setError(String error) {
            this.error = error;
        }
        public String getError() {
            return error;
        }

    }

  9. 布局文件

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    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
        xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        tools:context=".MainActivity"
        >

        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="75dp"
            android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
            android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
            android:layout_marginRight="10dp"
            android:gravity="center_vertical"

            >


            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/data"
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
                android:hint="温度显示区域"
                android:textColor="#222222"
                android:textSize="30sp" />
        </LinearLayout>

        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="75dp"
            android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
            android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
            android:layout_marginRight="10dp"
            android:gravity="center_vertical"

            >


            <EditText
                android:id="@+id/data2"
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
                android:hint="温度修改值"
                android:textColor="#222222"
                android:textSize="30sp" />

        </LinearLayout>

        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="75dp"
            android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
            android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
            android:layout_marginRight="10dp"
            android:gravity="center_vertical"

            >


            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/data1"
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
                android:hint="湿度显示区域"
                android:textColor="#222222"
                android:textSize="30sp" />
        </LinearLayout>


        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="75dp"
            android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
            android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
            android:layout_marginRight="10dp"
            android:gravity="center_vertical"

            >


            <EditText
                android:id="@+id/data3"
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
                android:hint="湿度修改值"
                android:textColor="#222222"
                android:textSize="30sp" />
        </LinearLayout>


        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="75dp"
            android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
            android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
            android:layout_marginRight="10dp"
            android:gravity="center_vertical"

            >

            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/data4"
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
                android:hint="时间显示区域"
                android:textColor="#222222"
                android:textSize="30sp" />
        </LinearLayout>

        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:orientation="horizontal">

            <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="259dp">

                <Button
                    android:id="@+id/post"
                    android:layout_width="0dp"
                    android:layout_height="80sp"
                    android:layout_marginStart="40dp"
                    android:layout_marginTop="104dp"

                    android:layout_marginEnd="33dp"
                    android:text="修改"
                    android:textColor="#181616"
                    android:textSize="40sp"
                    app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/get"
                    app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
                    app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

                <Button
                    android:id="@+id/get"
                    android:layout_width="0dp"
                    android:layout_height="80sp"
                    android:layout_marginEnd="38dp"
                    android:text="获取"
                    android:textColor="#2C2929"
                    android:textSize="40sp"
                    app:layout_constraintBaseline_toBaselineOf="@+id/post"
                    app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
                    app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf="@+id/post" />
            </androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

        </LinearLayout>

    </LinearLayout>

  10. 主程序

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    package com.example.http;

    import android.app.Activity;
    import android.content.Intent;
    import android.os.Bundle;
    import android.util.Log;
    import android.view.View;
    import android.widget.Button;
    import android.widget.TextView;
    import android.widget.Toast;

    import com.google.gson.Gson;

    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.util.List;

    import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
    import okhttp3.Request;
    import okhttp3.RequestBody;
    import okhttp3.Response;

    public class MainActivity extends Activity implements View.OnClickListener {

        private static final String DeviceID ="949106187";
        private static final String ApiKey ="rJU0Stx1xI=EbsDAjwjxM0lM=II=";
        private static final String key1 ="temp";
        private static final String key2 ="humid";
        private static final String key3 ="heart";
        private static final String key4 ="h2o2";

        Button GET, POST;
        TextView data, data1, data2, data3, data4;
        String time, value, value1, value2, value3;

        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
            GET = findViewById(R.id.get);
            POST = findViewById(R.id.post);

            data = findViewById(R.id.data);
            data1 = findViewById(R.id.data1);
            data2 = findViewById(R.id.data2);
            data3 = findViewById(R.id.data3);
            data4 = findViewById(R.id.data4);

            GET.setOnClickListener(this);
            POST.setOnClickListener(this);
        }

        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            switch (v.getId()) {
                case R.id.get:
                    Get();
                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "数据接收成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    break;
                case R.id.post:
                    Post();
                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "数据修改成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    break;
            }
        }

        public void Get() {
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        //接受温度
                        OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
                        Request request = new Request.Builder().url("http://api.heclouds.com/devices/" + DeviceID + "/datapoints?datastream_id=" + key1).header("api-key", ApiKey).build();
                        Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
                        String responseData = response.body().string();
                        parseJSONWithGSON(responseData);

                        JsonRootBean app = new Gson().fromJson(responseData, JsonRootBean.class);
                        List<Datastreams> streams = app.getData().getDatastreams();
                        List<Datapoints> points = streams.get(0).getDatapoints();
                        value = points.get(0).getValue();
                        time = points.get(0).getAt();
                        data.post(new Runnable() {
                            @Override
                            public void run() {
                                data.setText(String.format("温度:%s°C", value));
                                data4.setText(String.format("时间:%s", time.substring(10, 19)));
                            }
                        });

                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    try {
                        //接受湿度
                        OkHttpClient client1 = new OkHttpClient();
                        Request request1 = new Request.Builder().url("http://api.heclouds.com/devices/" + DeviceID + "/datapoints?datastream_id=" + key2).header("api-key", ApiKey).build();
                        Response response1 = client1.newCall(request1).execute();
                        String responseData1 = response1.body().string();
                        parseJSONWithGSON(responseData1);

                        JsonRootBean app = new Gson().fromJson(responseData1, JsonRootBean.class);
                        List<Datastreams> streams = app.getData().getDatastreams();
                        List<Datapoints> points = streams.get(0).getDatapoints();
                        value1 = points.get(0).getValue();
                        data1.post(new Runnable() {
                            @Override
                            public void run() {
                                data1.setText(String.format("湿度:%s%%", value1));
                            }
                        });

                    } catch (IOException ex) {
                        ex.printStackTrace();
                    }

                }
            }).start();

        }

        public void Post() {
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        //更改湿度值
                        value2 = data2.getText().toString().trim();
                        OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
                        //数据格式从官方文档看，type用5情况
                        String updata = (",;" + key1 + "," + value2);
                        //发送type写法
                        RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(okhttp3.MediaType.parse("application/json"), updata);
                        Request request = new Request.Builder().url("http://api.heclouds.com/devices/" + DeviceID + "/datapoints?type=5").post(requestBody).header("api-key", ApiKey).build();
                        Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                    }

                    try {
                        //更改湿度值
                        value3 = data3.getText().toString().trim();
                        OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
                        //数据格式从官方文档看，type用5情况
                        String updata = (",;" + key2 + "," + value3);
                        //发送type写法
                        RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(okhttp3.MediaType.parse("application/json"), updata);
                        Request request = new Request.Builder().url("http://api.heclouds.com/devices/" + DeviceID + "/datapoints?type=5").post(requestBody).header("api-key", ApiKey).build();
                        Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                    }

                }
            }).start();
        }

        //解析json
        private void parseJSONWithGSON(String jsonData) {
            JsonRootBean app = new Gson().fromJson(jsonData, JsonRootBean.class);
            List<Datastreams> streams = app.getData().getDatastreams();
            List<Datapoints> points = streams.get(0).getDatapoints();
            int count = app.getData().getCount();//获取数据的数量
            for (int i = 0; i < points.size(); i++) {
                String time = points.get(i).getAt();
                String value = points.get(i).getValue();
                Log.w("www","time="+time);
                Log.w("www","value="+value);
            }

        }

    }

    参考链接